quarta-feira, 22 de fevereiro de 2012

Um conto sobre a quarta dimensão

Ficção científica é um gênero muito popular da literatura, cinema, etc. Um gênero menos popular é o que eu chamaria de Ficção Matemática. Por exemplo, a conhecida história de Flatland, que inclusive já abordamos aqui no blog, lida com o problema de como percebemos a realidade em dimensões diferentes. Usando uma analogia da passagem da dimensão 2 para a dimensão 3, o autor tenta nos fazer refletir sobre como seria a passagem da dimensão 3 para a dimensão 4.

Bem menos conhecido é o conto And he built a crooked house, de  Robert A. Heinlein. Nele é contada a história de um arquiteto visionário que  acha que uma casa seria muito mais funcional se tivesse o formato de um hipercubo.

É claro que eu não vou falar mais, pois não quero estragar o conto, mas já lhe aviso que você precisará de uma boa dose de imaginação para acompanhar o raciocínio do arquiteto. Olhar os desenhos da wikipedia pode ajudar!

Sem mais delongas, aqui vai o texto na íntegra (em inglês mesmo, se alguém se habilitar a fazer uma tradução livre eu coloco aqui no blog!)



EDIT: Eu não sabia que existia, mas colocaram aqui nos comentários algumas traduções em português, então quem não estiver confortável com inglês, sinta-se a vontade. :D



 And He Built a Crooked House 
Robert A. Heinlein
Americans are considered crazy anywhere in the world.
They will usually concede a basis for the accusation but point to California as the focus of the infection. Californians stoutly maintain that their bad reputation is derived solely from the acts of the inhabitants of Los Angeles County. Angelenos will, when pressed, admit the charge but explain hastily, "It's Hollywood. It's not our fault—we didn't ask for it; Hollywood just grew."
The people in Hollywood don't care; they glory in it. If you are interested, they will drive you up Laurel Canyon "—where we keep the violent cases." The Canyonites—the brown-legged women, the trunks-clad men constantly busy building and rebuilding their slap-happy unfinished houses—regard with faint contempt the dull creatures who live down in the flats, and treasure in their hearts the secret knowledge that they, and only they, know how to live.
Lookout Mountain Avenue is the name of a side canyon which twists up from Laurel Canyon. The other Canyonites don't like to have it mentioned; after all, one must draw the line somewhere!
High up on Lookout Mountain at number 8775, across the street from the Hermit—the original Hermit of Hollywood—lived Quintus Teal, graduate architect.
Even the architecture of southern California is different. Hot dogs are sold from a structure built like and designated "The Pup." Ice cream cones come from a giant stucco ice cream cone, and neon proclaims "Get the Chili Bowl Habit!" from the roofs of buildings which are indisputably chili bowls. Gasoline, oil, and free road maps are dispensed beneath the wings of tri-motored transport planes, while the certified rest rooms, inspected hourly for your comfort, are located in the cabin of the plane itself. These things may surprise, or amuse, the tourist, but the local residents, who walk bareheaded in the famous California noonday sun, take them as a matter of course.
Quintus Teal regarded the efforts of his colleagues in architecture as faint-hearted, fumbling, and timid.
· · · · · 
"What is a house?" Teal demanded of his friend, Homer Bailey.
"Well—" Bailey admitted cautiously, "speaking in broad terms, I've always regarded a house as a gadget to keep off the rain."
"Nuts! You're as bad as the rest of them."
"I didn't say the definition was complete—"
"Complete! It isn't even in the right direction. From that point of view we might just as well be squatting in caves. But I don't blame you," Teal went on magnanimously, "you're no worse than the lugs you find practicing architecture. Even the Moderns—all they've done is to abandon the Wedding Cake School in favor of the Service Station School, chucked away the gingerbread and slapped on some chromium, but at heart they are as conservative and traditional as a county courthouse. Neutra! Schindler! What have those bums got? What's Frank Lloyd Wright got that I haven't got?"
"Commissions," his friend answered succinctly.
"Huh? Wha' d'ju say?" Teal stumbled slightly in his flow of words, did a slight double take, and recovered himself. "Commissions. Correct. And why? Because I don't think of a house as an upholstered cave; I think of it as a machine for living, a vital process, a live dynamic thing, changing with the mood of the dweller—not a dead, static, oversized coffin. Why should we be held down by the frozen concepts of our ancestors? Any fool with a little smattering of descriptive geometry can design a house in the ordinary way. Is the static geometry of Euclid the only mathematics? Are we to completely disregard the Picard-Vessiot theory? How about modular system?—to say nothing of the rich suggestions of stereochemistry. Isn't there a place in architecture for transformation, for homomorphology, for actional structures?"
"Blessed if I know," answered Bailey. "You might must as well be talking about the fourth dimension for all it means to me."
"And why not? Why should we limit ourselves to the—Say!" He interrupted himself and stared into distances. "Homer, I think you've really got something. After all, why not? Think of the infinite richness of articulation and relationship in four dimensions. What a house, what a house—" He stood quite still, his pale bulging eyes blinking thoughtfully.
Bailey reached up and shook his arm. "Snap out of it. What the hell are you talking about, four dimensions? Time is the fourth dimension; you can't drive nails into that."
Teal shrugged him off. "Sure. Sure. Time is a fourth dimension, but I'm thinking about a fourth spatial dimension, like length, breadth, and thickness. For economy of materials and convenience of arrangement you couldn't beat it. To say nothing of the saving of ground space—you could put an eight-room house on the land now occupied by a one-room house. Like a tesseract—"
"What's a tesseract?"
"Didn't you go to school? A tesseract is a hypercube, a square figure with four dimensions to it, like a cube has three, and a square has two. Here, I'll show you." Teal dashed out into the kitchen of his apartment and returned with a box of toothpicks which he spilled on the table between them, brushing glasses and a nearly empty Holland gin bottle carelessly aside. "I'll need some plasticine. I had some around here last week." He burrowed into a drawer of the littered desk which crowded one corner of his dining room and emerged with a lump of oily sculptor's clay. "Here's some."
"What are you going to do?"
"I'll show you." Teal rapidly pinched off small masses of the clay and rolled them into pea-sized balls. He stuck toothpicks into four of these and hooked them together into a square. "There! That's a square."
"Obviously."
"Another one like it, four more toothpicks, and we make a cube." The toothpicks were now arranged in the framework of a square box, a cube, with the pellets of clay holding the corners together. "Now we make another cube just like the first one, and the two of them will be two sides of the tesseract."
Bailey started to help him roll the little balls of clay for the second cube, but became diverted by the sensuous feel of the docile clay and started working and shaping it with his fingers.
"Look," he said, holding up his effort, a tiny figurine, "Gypsy Rose Lee."
"Looks more like Gargantua; she ought to sue you. Now pay attention. You open up one corner of the first cube, interlock the second cube at the corner, and then close the corner. Then take eight more toothpicks and join the bottom of the first cube to the bottom of the second, on a slant, and the top of the first to the top of the second, the same way." This he did rapidly, while he talked.
"What's that supposed to be?" Bailey demanded suspiciously.
"That's a tesseract, eight cubes forming the sides of a hypercube in four dimensions."
"It looks more like a cat's cradle to me. You've only got two cubes there anyhow. Where are the other six?"
"Use your imagination, man. Consider the top of the first cube in relation to the top of the second; that's cube number three. Then the two bottom squares, then the front faces of each cube, the back faces, the right hand, the left hand—eight cubes." He pointed them out.
"Yeah, I see 'em. But they still aren't cubes; they're whatchamucallems—prisms. They are not square, they slant."
"That's just the way you look at it, in perspective. If you drew a picture of a cube on a piece of paper, the side squares would be slaunchwise, wouldn't they? That's perspective. When you look at a four-dimensional figure in three dimensions, naturally it looks crooked. But those are all cubes just the same."
"Maybe they are to you, brother, but they still look crooked to me."
Teal ignored the objections and went on. "Now consider this as the framework of an eight-room house; there's one room on the ground floor—that's for service, utilities, and garage. There are six rooms opening off it on the next floor, living room, dining room, bath, bedrooms, and so forth. And up at the top, completely enclosed and with windows on four sides, is your study. There! How do you like it?"
"Seems to me you have the bathtub hanging out of the living room ceiling. Those rooms are interlaced like an octopus."
"Only in perspective, only in perspective. Here, I'll do it another way so you can see it." This time Teal made a cube of toothpicks, then made a second of halves of toothpicks, and set it exactly in the center of the first by attaching the corners of the small cube to the large cube by short lengths of toothpick. "Now—the big cube is your ground floor, the little cube inside is your study on the top floor. The six cubes joining them are the living rooms. See?"
Bailey studied the figure, then shook his head. "I still don't see but two cubes, a big one and a little one. Those other six things, they look like pyramids this time instead of prisms, but they still aren't cubes."
"Certainly, certainly, you are seeing them in different perspective. Can't you see that?"
"Well, maybe. But that room on the inside, there. It's completely surrounded by the thingamujigs. I thought you said it had windows on four sides."
"It has—it just looks like it was surrounded. That's the grand feature about a tesseract house, complete outside exposure for every room, yet every wall serves two rooms and an eight-room house requires only a one-room foundation. It's revolutionary."
"That's putting it mildly. You're crazy, bud; you can't build a house like that. That inside room is on the inside, and there she stays."
Teal looked at his friend in controlled exasperation. "It's guys like you that keep architecture in its infancy. How many square sides has a cube?"
"Six."
"How many of them are inside?"
"Why, none of 'em. They're all on the outside."
"All right. Now listen—a tesseract has eight cubical sides, all on the outside. Now watch me. I'm going to open up this tesseract like you can open up a cubical pasteboard box, until it's flat. That way you'll be able to see all eight of the cubes." Working very rapidly he constructed four cubes, piling one on top of the other in an unsteady tower. He then built out four more cubes from the four exposed faces of the second cube in the pile. The structure swayed a little under the loose coupling of the clay pellets, but it stood, eight cubes in an inverted cross, a double cross, as the four additional cubes stuck out in four directions. "Do you see it now? It rests on the ground floor room, the next six cubes are the living rooms, and there is your study, up at the top."
Bailey regarded it with more approval than he had the other figures. "At least I can understand it. You say that is a tesseract, too?"
"That is a tesseract unfolded in three dimensions. To put it back together you tuck the top cube onto the bottom cube, fold those side cubes in till they meet the top cube and there you are. You do all this folding through a fourth dimension of course; you don't distort any of the cubes, or fold them into each other."
Bailey studied the wobbly framework further. "Look here," he said at last, "why don't you forget about folding this thing up through a fourth dimension—you can't anyway—and build a house like this?"
"What do you mean, I can't? It's a simple mathematical problem—"
"Take is easy, son. It may be simple in mathematics, but you could never get your plans approved for construction. There isn't any fourth dimension; forget it. But this kind of a house—it might have some advantages."
Checked, Teal studied the model. "Hm-m-m—Maybe you got something. We could have the same number of rooms, and we'd save the same amount of ground space. Yes, and we would set that middle cross-shaped floor northeast, southwest, and so forth, so that every room would get sunlight all day long. That central axis lends itself nicely to central heating. We'll put the dining room on the northeast and the kitchen on the southeast, with big view windows in every room. Okay, Homer, I'll do it! Where do you want it built?"
"Wait a minute! Wait a minute! I didn't say you were going to build it for me—"
"Of course I am. Who else? Your wife wants a new house; this it it."
"But Mrs. Bailey wants a Georgian house—"
"Just an idea she has. Women don't know what they want—"
"Mrs. Bailey does."
"Just some idea an out-of-date architect has put in her head. She drives a new car, doesn't she? She wears the very latest styles—why should she live in an eighteenth century house? This house will be even later than this year's model; it's years in the future. She'll be the talk of the town."
"Well—I'll have to talk to her."
"Nothing of the sort. We'll surprise her with it. Have another drink."
"Anyhow, we can't do anything about it now. Mrs. Bailey and I are driving up to Bakersfield tomorrow. The company's bringing in a couple of wells tomorrow."
"Nonsense. That's just the opportunity we want. It will be a surprise for her when you get back. You can just write me a check right now, and your worries are over."
"I oughtn't to do anything like this without consulting her. She won't like it."
"Say, who wears the pants in your family anyhow?"
The check was signed about halfway down the second bottle. 
Things are done fast in southern California. Ordinary houses there are usually built in a month's time. Under Teal's impassioned heckling the tesseract house climbed dizzily skyward in days rather than weeks, and its cross-shaped second story came jutting out at the four corners of the world. He had some trouble at first with the inspectors over these four projecting rooms but by using strong girders and folding money he had been able to convince them of the soundness of this engineering.
By arrangement, Teal drove up in front of the Bailey residence the morning after their return to town. He improvised on his two-tone horn. Bailey stuck his head out the front door. "Why don't you use the bell?"
"Too slow," answered Teal cheerfully. "I'm a man of action. Is Mrs. Bailey ready? Ah, there you are, Mrs. Bailey! Welcome home, welcome home. Jump in, we've got a surprise for you!"
"You know Teal, my dear," Bailey put in uncomfortably.
Mrs. Bailey sniffed. "I know him. We'll go in our own car, Homer."
"Certainly, my dear."
"Good idea," Teal agreed; " 'sgot more power than mine; we'll get there faster. I'll drive, I know the way." He took the keys from Bailey, slid into the driver's seat, and had the engine started before Mrs. Bailey could rally her forces.
"Never have to worry about my driving," he assured Mrs. Bailey, turning his head as he did so, while he shot the powerful car down the avenue and swung onto Sunset Boulevard, "it's a matter of power and control, a dynamic process, just my meat—I've never had a serious accident."
"You won't have but one," she said bitingly. "Will you please keep your eyes on the traffic?"
He attempted to explain to her that a traffic situation was a matter, not of eyesight, but intuitive integration of courses, speeds, and probabilities, but Bailey cut him short. "Where is the house, Quintus?"
"House?" asked Mrs. Bailey suspiciously. "What's this about a house, Homer? Have you been up to something without telling me?"
Teal cut in with his best diplomatic manner. "It certainly is a house, Mrs. Bailey. And what a house! It's a surprise for you from a devoted husband. Just wait till you see it—"
"I shall," she agreed grimly. "What style is it?"
"This house sets a new style. It's later than television, newer than next week. It must be seen to be appreciated. By the way," he went on rapidly, heading off any retort, "did you folks feel the earthquake last night?"
"Earthquake? What earthquake? Homer, was there an earthquake?"
"Just a little one," Teal continued, "about two A.M. If I hadn't been awake, I wouldn't have noticed it."
Mrs. Bailey shuddered. "Oh, this awful country! Do you hear that, Homer? We might have been killed in our beds and never have known it. Why did I ever let you persuade me to leave Iowa?"
"But my dear," he protested hopelessly, "you wanted to come out to California; you didn't like Des Moines."
"We needn't go into that," she said firmly. "You are a man; you should anticipate such things. Earthquakes!"
"That's one thing you needn't fear in your new home, Mrs. Bailey," Teal told her. "It's absolutely earthquake-proof; every part is in perfect dynamic balance with every other part."
"Well, I hope so. Where is this house?"
"Just around this bend. There's the sign now." A large arrow sign, of the sort favored by real estate promoters, proclaimed in letters that were large and bright even for southern California:
· · · · · 
THE HOUSE OF THE FUTURE!!!
COLOSSAL—AMAZING—REVOLUTIONARY
SEE HOW YOUR GRANDCHILDREN WILL LIVE!
Q. TEAL, ARCHITECT
· · · · ·  
"Of course that will be taken down," he added hastily, noting her expression, "as soon as you take possession." He slued around the corner and brought the car to a squealing halt in front of the House of the Future. "Voilà!" He watched their faces for response.
Bailey stared unbelievingly, Mrs. Bailey in open dislike. They saw a simple cubical mass, possessing doors and windows, but no other architectural features, save that it was decorated in intricate mathematical designs. "Teal," Bailey asked slowly, "what have you been up to?"
Teal turned from their faces to the house. Gone was the crazy tower with its jutting second-story rooms. No trace remained of the seven rooms above ground floor level. Nothing remained but the single room that rested on the foundations. "Great jumping cats!" he yelled, "I've been robbed!"
He broke into a run.
But it did him no good. Front or back, the story was the same: the other seven rooms had disappeared, vanished completely. Bailey caught up with him, and took his arm. "Explain yourself. What is this about being robbed? How come you built anything like this—it's not according to agreement."
"But I didn't. I built just what we had planned to build, an eight-room house in the form of a developed tesseract. I've been sabotaged; that's what it is! Jealousy! The other architects in town didn't dare let me finish this job; they knew they'd be washed up if I did."
"When were you last here?"
"Yesterday afternoon."
"Everything all right then?"
"Yes. The gardeners were just finishing up."
Bailey glanced around at the faultlessly manicured landscaping. "I don't see how seven rooms could have been dismantled and carted away from here in a single night without wrecking this garden."
Teal looked around, too. "It doesn't look it. I don't understand it."
Mrs. Bailey joined them. "Well? Well? Am I to be left to amuse myself? We might as well look it over as long as we are here, though I'm warning you, Homer, I'm not going to like it."
"We might as well," agreed Teal, and drew a key from his pocket with which he let them in the front door. "We may pick up some clues."
The entrance hall was in perfect order, the sliding screens that separated it from the garage space were back, permitting them to see the entire compartment. "This looks all right," observed Bailey. "Let's go up on the roof and try to figure out what happened. Where's the staircase? Have they stolen that, too?"
"Oh, no," Teal denied, "look—" He pressed a button below the light switch; a panel in the ceiling fell away and a light, graceful flight of stairs swung noiselessly down. Its strength members were the frosty silver of duralumin, its tread and risers transparent plastic. Teal wriggled like a boy who has successfully performed a card trick, while Mrs. Bailey thawed perceptibly.
It was beautiful.
"Pretty slick," Bailey admitted. "Howsomever it doesn't seem to go any place—"
"Oh, that—" Teal followed his gaze. "The cover lifts up as you approach the top. Open stair wells are anachronisms. Come on." As predicted, the lid of the staircase got out of their way as they climbed the flight and permitted them to debouch at the top, but not, as they had expected, on the roof of the single room. They found themselves standing in the middle one of the five rooms which constituted the second floor of the original structure.
For the first time on record Teal had nothing to say. Bailey echoed him, chewing on his cigar. Everything was in perfect order. Before them, through an open doorway and translucent partition lay the kitchen, a chef's dream of up-to-the-minute domestic engineering, monel metal, continuous counter space, concealed lighting, functional arrangement. On the left the formal, yet gracious and hospitable dining room awaited guests, its furniture in parade-ground alignment.
Teal knew before he turned his head that the drawing room and lounge would be found in equally substantial and impossible existence.
"Well, I must admit this is charming," Mrs. Bailey approved, "and the kitchen is just too quaint for words—though I would never have guessed from the exterior that this house had so much room upstairs. Of course some changes will have to be made. That secretary now—if we moved it over here and put the settle over there—"
"Stow it, Matilda," Bailey cut in brusquely. "Wha'd'yuh make of it, Teal?"
"Why, Homer Bailey! The very id—"
"Stow it, I said. Well, Teal?"
The architect shuffled his rambling body. "I'm afraid to say. Let's go on up."
"How?"
"Like this." He touched another button; a mate, in deeper colors, to the fairy bridge that had let them up from below offered them access to the next floor. They climbed it, Mrs. Bailey expostulating in the rear, and found themselves in the master bedroom. Its shades were drawn, as had been those on the level below, but the mellow lighting came on automatically. Teal at once activated the switch which controlled still another flight of stairs, and they hurried up into the top floor study.
"Look, Teal," suggested Bailey when he had caught his breath, "can we get to the roof above this room? Then we could look around."
"Sure, it's an observatory platform." They climbed a fourth flight of stairs, but when the cover at the top lifted to let them reach the level above, they found themselves, not on the roof, but standing in the ground floor room where they had entered the house.
Mr. Bailey turned a sickly gray. "Angels in heaven," he cried, "this place is haunted. We're getting out of here." Grabbing his wife he threw open the front door and plunged out.
Teal was too much preoccupied to bother with their departure. There was an answer to all this, an answer that he did not believe. But he was forced to break off considering it because of hoarse shouts from somewhere above him. He lowered the staircase and rushed upstairs. Bailey was in the central room leaning over Mrs. Bailey, who had fainted. Teal took in the situation, went to the bar built into the lounge, and poured three fingers of brandy, which he returned with and handed to Bailey. "Here—this'll fix her up."
Bailey drank it.
"That was for Mrs. Bailey," said Teal.
"Don't quibble," snapped Bailey. "Get her another." Teal took the precaution of taking one himself before returning with a dose earmarked for his client's wife. He found her just opening her eyes.
"Here, Mrs. Bailey," he soothed, "this will make you feel better."
"I never touch spirits," she protested, and gulped it.
"Now tell me what happened," suggested Teal. "I thought you two had left."
"But we did—we walked out the front door and found ourselves up here, in the lounge."
"The hell you say! Hm-m-m—wait a minute." Teal went into the lounge. There he found that the big view window at the end of the room was open. He peered cautiously through it. He stared, not out at the California countryside, but into the ground floor room—or a reasonable facsimile thereof. He said nothing, but went back to the stair well which he had left open and looked down it. The ground floor room was still in place. Somehow, it managed to be in two different places at once, on different levels.
He came back into the central room and seated himself opposite Bailey in a deep, low chair, and sighted him past his upthrust bony knees. "Homer," he said impressively, "do you know what has happened?"
"No, I don't—but if I don't find out pretty soon, something is going to happen and pretty drastic, too!"
"Homer, this is a vindication of my theories. This house is a real tesseract."
"What's he talking about, Homer?"
"Wait, Matilda—now Teal, that's ridiculous. You've pulled some hanky-panky here and I won't have it—scaring Mrs. Bailey half to death, and making me nervous. All I want is to get out of here, with no more of your trapdoors and silly practical jokes."
"Speak for yourself, Homer," Mrs. Bailey interrupted, "I was not frightened; I was just took all over queer for a moment. It's my heart; all of my people are delicate and high-strung. Now about this tessy thing—explain yourself, Mr. Teal. Speak up."
He told her as well as he could in the face of numerous interruptions the theory back of the house. "Now as I see it, Mrs. Bailey," he concluded, "this house, while perfectly stable in three dimensions, was not stable in four dimensions. I had built a house in the shape of an unfolded tesseract; something happened to it, some jar or side thrust, and it collapsed into its normal shape—it folded up." He snapped his fingers suddenly. "I've got it! The earthquake!"
"Earthquake?"
"Yes, yes, the little shake we had last night. From a four-dimensional standpoint this house was like a plane balanced on edge. One little push and it fell over, collapsed along its natural joints into a stable four-dimensional figure."
"I thought you boasted about how safe this house was."
"It is safe—three-dimensionally."
"I don't call a house safe," commented Bailey edgily, "that collapses on the first little temblor."
"But look around you, man!" Teal protested. "Nothing has been disturbed, not a piece of glassware cracked. Rotations through a fourth dimension can't affect a three-dimensional figure any more than you can shake letters off a printed page. If you had been sleeping in here last night, you would never have awakened."
"That's just what I'm afraid of. Incidentally, has your great genius figured out any way for us to get out of this booby trap?"
"Huh? Oh, yes, you and Mrs. Bailey started to leave and landed back up here, didn't you? But I'm sure there is no real difficulty—we came in, we can go out. I'll try it." He was up and hurrying downstairs before he had finished talking. He flung open the front door, stepped through, and found himself staring at his companions, down the length of the second floor lounge. "Well, there does seem to be some slight problem," he admitted blandly. "A mere technicality, though—we can always go out a window." He jerked aside the long drapes that covered the deep French windows set in one side wall of the lounge. He stopped suddenly.
"Hm-m-m," he said, "this is very interesting—very."
"What is it?" asked Bailey, joining him.
"This." The window stared directly into the dining room, instead of looking outdoors. Bailey stepped back to the corner where the lounge and the dining room joined the central room at ninety degrees.
"But that can't be," he protested, "that window is maybe fifteen, twenty feet from the dining room."
"Not in a tesseract," corrected Teal. "Watch." He opened the window and stepped through, talking back over his shoulder as he did so.
From the point of view of the Baileys he simply disappeared.
But not from his own viewpoint. It took him some seconds to catch his breath. Then he cautiously disentangled himself from the rosebush to which he had become almost irrevocably wedded, making a mental note the while never again to order landscaping which involved plants with thorns, and looked around him.
He was outside the house. The massive bulk of the ground floor room thrust up beside him. Apparently he had fallen off the roof.
He dashed around the corner of the house, flung open the front door and hurried up the stairs. "Homer!" he called out, "Mrs. Bailey! I've found a way out!"
Bailey looked annoyed rather than pleased to see him. "What happened to you?"
"I fell out. I've been outside the house. You can do it just as easily—just step through those French windows. Mind the rosebush, though—we may have to build another stairway."
"How did you get back in?"
"Through the front door."
"Then we shall leave the same way. Come, my dear." Bailey set his hat firmly on his head and marched down the stairs, his wife on his arm.
Teal met them in the lounge. "I could have told you that wouldn't work," he announced. "Now here's what we have to do: As I see it, in a four-dimensional figure a three-dimensional man has two choices every time he crosses a line of juncture, like a wall or a threshold. Ordinarily he will make a ninety-degree turn through the fourth dimension, only he doesn't feel it with his three dimensions. Look." He stepped through the very window that he had fallen out of a moment before. Stepped through and arrived in the dining room, where he stood, still talking.
"I watched where I was going and arrived where I intended to." He stepped back into the lounge. "The time before I didn't watch and I moved on through normal space and fell out of the house. It must be a matter of subconscious orientation."
"I'd hate to depend on subconscious orientation when I step out for the morning paper."
"You won't have to; it'll become automatic. Now to get out of the house this time—Mrs. Bailey, if you will stand here with your back to the window, and jump backward, I'm pretty sure you will land in the garden."
Mrs. Bailey's face expressed her opinion of Teal and his ideas. "Homer Bailey," she said shrilly, "are you going to stand there and let him suggest such—"
"But Mrs. Bailey," Teal attempted to explain, "we can tie a rope on you and lower you down eas—"
"Forget it, Teal," Bailey cut him off brusquely. "We'll have to find a better way than that. Neither Mrs. Bailey nor I are fitted for jumping."
Teal was temporarily nonplussed; there ensued a short silence. Bailey broke it with, "Did you hear that, Teal?"
"Hear what?"
"Someone talking off in the distance. D'you s'pose there could be someone else in the house, playing tricks on us, maybe?"
"Oh, not a chance. I've got the only key."
"But I'm sure of it," Mrs. Bailey confirmed. "I've heard them ever since we came in. Voices. Homer, I can't stand much more of this. Do something."
"Now, now, Mrs. Bailey," Teal soothed, "don't get upset. There can't be anyone else in the house, but I'll explore and make sure. Homer, you stay here with Mrs. Bailey and keep an eye on the rooms on this floor." He passed from the lounge into the ground floor room and from there to the kitchen and on into the bedroom. This led him back to the lounge by a straight-line route, that is to say, by going straight ahead on the entire trip he returned to the place from which he started.
"Nobody around," he reported. "I opened all of the doors and windows as I went—all except this one." He stepped to the window opposite the one through which he had recently fallen and thrust back the drapes.
He saw a man with his back toward him, four rooms away. Teal snatched open the French window and dived through it, shouting, "There he goes now! Stop thief!"
The figure evidently heard him; it fled precipitately. Teal pursued, his gangling limbs stirred to unanimous activity, through drawing room, kitchen, dining room, lounge—room after room, yet in spite of Teal's best efforts he could not seem to cut down the four-room lead that the interloper had started with.
He saw the pursued jump awkwardly but actively over the low sill of a French window and in so doing knock off the hat. When he came up to the point where his quarry had lost his headgear, he stopped and picked it up, glad of an excuse to stop and catch his breath. He was back in the lounge.
"I guess he got away from me," he admitted. "Anyhow, here's his hat. Maybe we can identify him."
Bailey took the hat, looked at it, then snorted, and slapped it on Teal's head. It fitted perfectly. Teal look puzzled, took the hat off, and examined it. On the sweat band were the initials "Q.T." It was his own.
Slowly comprehension filtered through Teal's features. He went back to the French window and gazed down the series of rooms through which he had pursued the mysterious stranger. They saw him wave his arms semaphore fashion. "What are you doing?" asked Bailey.
"Come see." The two joined him and followed his stare with their own. Four rooms away they saw the backs of three figures, two male and one female. The taller, thinner of the men was waving his arms in a silly fashion.
Mrs. Bailey screamed and fainted again.
Some minutes later, when Mrs. Bailey had been resuscitated and somewhat composed, Bailey and Teal took stock. "Teal," said Bailey, "I won't waste any time blaming you; recriminations are useless and I'm sure you didn't plan for this to happen, but I suppose you realize we are in a pretty serious predicament. How are we going to get out of here? It looks now as if we would stay until we starve; every room leads into another room."
"Oh, it's not that bad. I got out once, you know."
"Yes, but you can't repeat it—you tried."
"Anyhow we haven't tried all the rooms. There's still the study."
"Oh, yes, the study. We went through there when we first came in, and didn't stop. Is it your idea that we might get out through its windows?"
"Don't get your hopes up. Mathematically, it ought to look into the four side rooms on this floor. Still we never opened the blinds; maybe we ought to look."
" 'Twon't do any harm anyhow. Dear, I think you had best just stay here and rest—"
"Be left alone in this horrible place? I should say not!" Mrs. Bailey was up off the couch where she had been recuperating even as she spoke.
They went upstairs. "This is the inside room, isn't it, Teal?" Bailey inquired as they passed through the master bedroom and climbed on up toward the study. "I mean it was the little cube in your diagram that was in the middle of the big cube, and completely surrounded."
"That's right," agreed Teal. "Well, let's have a look. I figure this window ought to give into the kitchen." He grasped the cords of Venetian blinds and pulled them.
It did not. Waves of vertigo shook them. Involuntarily they fell to the floor and grasped helplessly at the pattern on the rug to keep from falling. "Close it! Close it!" moaned Bailey.
Mastering in part a primitive atavistic fear, Teal worked his way back to the window and managed to release the screen. The window had looked down instead of out, down from a terrifying height.
Mrs. Bailey had fainted again.
Teal went back after more brandy while Bailey chafed her wrists. When she had recovered, Teal went cautiously to the window and raised the screen a crack. Bracing his knees, he studied the scene. He turned to Bailey. "Come look at this, Homer. See if you recognize it."
"You stay away from there, Homer Bailey!"
"Now, Matilda, I'll be careful." Bailey joined him and peered out.
"See up there? That's the Chrysler Building, sure as shooting. And there's the East River, and Brooklyn." They gazed straight down the sheer face of an enormously tall building. More than a thousand feet away a toy city, very much alive, was spread out before them. "As near as I can figure it out, we are looking down the side of the Empire State Building from a point just above its tower."
"I don't think so—it's too perfect. I think space is folded over through the fourth dimension here and we are looking past the fold."
"You mean we aren't really seeing it?"
"No, we're seeing it all right. I don't know what would happen if we climbed out this window, but I for one don't want to try. But what a view! Oh, boy, what a view! Let's try the other windows."
They approached the next window more cautiously, and it was well that they did, for it was even more disconcerting, more reason-shaking, than the one looking down the gasping height of the skyscraper. It was a simple seascape, open ocean and blue sky—but the ocean was where the sky should have been, and contrariwise. This time they were somewhat braced for it, but they both felt seasickness about to overcome them at the sight of waves rolling overhead; they lowered the blind quickly without giving Mrs. Bailey a chance to be disturbed by it.
Teal looked at the third window. "Game to try it, Homer?"
"Hrrumph—well, we won't be satisfied if we don't. Take it easy." Teal lifted the blind a few inches. He saw nothing, and raised it a little more—still nothing. Slowly he raised it until the window was fully exposed. They gazed out at—nothing.
Nothing, nothing at all. What color is nothing? Don't be silly! What shape is it? Shape is an attribute of something. It had neither depth nor form. It had not even blackness. It was nothing.
Bailey chewed at his cigar. "Teal, what do you make of that?"
Teal's insouciance was shaken for the first time. "I don't know, Homer, I don't rightly know—but I think that window ought to be walled up." He stared at the lowered blind for a moment. "I think maybe we looked at a place where space isn't. We looked around a fourth-dimensional corner and there wasn't anything there." He rubbed his eyes. "I've got a headache."
They waited for a while before tackling the fourth window. Like an unopened letter, it might not contain bad news. The doubt left hope. Finally the suspense stretched too thin and Bailey pulled the cord himself, in the face of his wife's protests.
It was not so bad. A landscape stretched away from them, right side up, and on such a level that the study appeared to be a ground floor room. But it was distinctly unfriendly.
A hot, hot sun beat down from lemon-colored sky. The flat ground seemed burned a sterile, bleached brown and incapable of supporting life. Life there was, strange stunted trees that lifted knotted, twisted arms to the sky. Little clumps of spiky leaves grew on the outer extremities of these misshapen growths.
"Heavenly day," breathed Bailey. "Where is that?"
Teal shook his head, his eyes troubled. "It beats me."
"It doesn't look like anything on Earth. It looks more like another planet—Mars, maybe."
"I wouldn't know. But, do you know, Homer, it might be worse than that, worse than another planet, I mean."
"Huh? What's that you say?"
"It might be clear out of space entirely. I'm not sure that that is our sun at all. It seems too bright."
Mrs. Bailey had somewhat timidly joined them and now gazed out at the outré scene. "Homer," she said in a subdued voice, "those hideous trees—they frighten me."
He patted her hand.
Teal fumbled with the window catch.
"What are you doing?" Bailey demanded.
"I thought if I stuck my head out the window I might be able to look around and tell a bit more."
"Well—all right," Bailey grudged, "but be careful."
"I will." He opened the window a crack and sniffed. "The air is all right, at least." He threw it open wide.
His attention was diverted before he could carry out his plan. An uneasy tremor, like the first intimation of nausea, shivered the entire building for a long second, and was gone.
"Earthquake!" They all said at once. Mrs. Bailey flung her arms around her husband's neck.
Teal gulped and recovered himself, saying:
"It's all right, Mrs. Bailey. This house is perfectly safe. You know you can expect settling tremors after a shock like last night." He had just settled his features into an expression of reassurance when the second shock came. This one was no mild shimmy but the real seasick roll.
In every Californian, native born or grafted, there is a deep-rooted primitive reflex. An earthquake fills him with soul-shaking claustrophobia which impels him blindly to get outdoors! Model Boy Scouts will push aged grandmothers aside to obey it. It is a matter of record that Teal and Bailey landed on top of Mrs. Bailey. Therefore, she must have jumped through the window first. The order of precedence cannot be attributed to chivalry; it must be assumed that she was in readier position to spring.
They pulled themselves together, collected their wits a little, and rubbed sand from their eyes. Their first sensations were relief at feeling the solid sand of the desert land under them. Then Bailey noticed something that brought them to their feet and checked Mrs. Bailey from bursting into the speech that she had ready.
"Where's the house?" 
It was gone. There was no sign of it at all. They stood in the center of flat desolation, the landscape they had seen from the window. But, aside from the tortured, twisted trees there was nothing to be seen but the yellow sky and the luminary overhead, whose furnacelike glare was already almost insufferable.
Bailey looked slowly around, then turned to the architect.
"Well, Teal?" His voice was ominous.
Teal shrugged helplessly. "I wish I knew. I wish I could even be sure that we were on Earth."
"Well, we can't stand here. It's sure death if we do. Which direction?"
"Any, I guess. Let's keep a bearing on the sun."
· · · · · 
They had trudged on for an undetermined distance when Mrs. Bailey demanded a rest. They stopped. Teal said in an aside to Bailey, "Any ideas?"
"No … no, none. Say, do you hear anything?"
Teal listened. "Maybe—unless it's my imagination."
"Sounds like an automobile. Say, it is an automobile!"
They came to the highway in less than another hundred yards. The automobile, when it arrived, proved to be an elderly, puffing light truck, driven by a rancher. He crunched to a stop at their hail. "We're stranded. Can you help us out?"
"Sure. Pile in."
"Where are you headed?"
"Los Angeles."
"Los Angeles? Say, where is this place?"
"Well, you're right in the middle of the Joshua Tree National Forest."
· · · · · 
The return was as dispiriting as the Retreat from Moscow. Mr. and Mrs. Bailey sat up in front with the driver while Teal bumped along in the body of the truck, and tried to protect his head from the sun. Bailey subsidized the friendly rancher to detour to the tesseract house, not because they wanted to see it again, but in order to pick up their car.
At last the rancher turned the corner that brought them back to where they had started. But the house was no longer there.
There was not even the ground floor room. It had vanished. The Baileys, interested in spite of themselves, poked around the foundations with Teal.
"Got any answers for this one, Teal?" asked Bailey.
"It must be that on that last shock it simply fell through into another section of space. I can see now that I should have anchored it at the foundations."
"That's not all you should have done."
"Well, I don't see that there is anything to get down-hearted about. The house was insured, and we've learned an amazing lot. There are possibilities, man, possibilities! Why, right now I've got a great new revolutionary idea for a house—"
Teal ducked in time. He was always a man of action.

 Se você chegou até fim, aqui vai um bônus. Alguém tentou construir esta casa no Second Life (um jogo que foi bastante popular há um tempo atrás). Veja aqui e aqui.




8 comentários:

Anônimo disse...

Já parou para pensar que postagens tais como esta só trariam algum tipo de contribuição efetiva para a sociedade se apresentasse uma tradução para o texto? Certamente quem lê inglês não precisa (ou precisa numa quantia quase insignificante) do teu blog como meio de informação, de modo que seu trabalho se torna quase inútil. Porém, apresentando uma tradução tudo ficaria mais significativo visto que você estaria tornando algo acessível aos menos favorecidos culturalmente. Não conheço o seu objetivo para o blog, portanto desconsidere o meu comentário caso ele não se relacione com a intenção que eu supus verdadeira (que consiste em alguma forma de contribuição).

Quem não lê inglês lê, nas entrelinhas do seu texto, o seguinte: "eu leio inglês e posso ler coisas legais que você não pode. Mas não te ajudarei em nada. Vou apenas relatar que o texto é legal".

Resumindo: você poderia considerar a possibilidade de fazer traduções de bons conteúdos em vez de apenas informar que os conteúdos bons existem.

T disse...

Olá, Anônimo, gostei muito do seu comentário. Não posso responder pelos outros autores, então tudo o que eu vou falar aqui é a minha opinião.

Eu sempre pensei o LeGauss como um lugar para eu colocar coisas que eu achava legais, sobre diversos assuntos (inicialmente, não era totalmente voltado para matemática, como aparentemente é agora, mas acabou ficando assim, principalmente porque os outros autores "não-matemáticos" acabaram abandonando). O que me fez criar o blog, junto com os outros autores, foi que eu não precisava guardar essas coisas legais somente para mim, eu poderia compartilhá-las e, quem sabe, "ajudá-las" de alguma forma.

Por mais que exista uma séria deficiência de conteúdo deste tipo em português, eu nunca tive a pretensão de adotar a causa de melhorar a divulgação de matemática no Brasil. É claro que isto é de certa forma um efeito colateral do blog, e nós gostamos disso, mas eu não vejo isto como meta principal.

De todo jeito, especializando para este post: mesmo que eu quisesse, não me julgo na capacidade de fazer uma tradução decente deste conto. Sim, eu também acho que seria ótimo se tivesse uma tradução, mas eu me sinto impossibilitado de fazer isso. Mas veja, quando li o conto, achei muito interessante e quis compartilhá-lo. Sei que muitas pessoas não vão poder ler, porque está em inglês, mas outras poderão ler, então porque não postar? Ou seja, por algum tipo de justiça às pessoas que não sabem inglês, eu deveria não postar o texto?

Mesmo que eu assumisse algum tipo de missão de "contribuir com a sociedade" através do blog, não creio que seja de forma algum inútil postar coisas em inglês: o conteúdo na web é muito esparso, então um dos objetivos de um blog é tentar catalisar algumas dessas informações em apenas um espaço só.

Por fim, você realmente me botou pra pensar. Tanto eu, quanto os outros autores do blog estamos muito acostumados a consumir todo tipo coisa em inglês. Isto faz parte do nosso dia a dia. Eu, por exemplo, raramente leio um livro de matemática em português, então simplesmente ler coisas em inglês é automático. Consultar a Wikipedia em português é sempre a última coisa que eu faço, pois os artigos em geral são mal escritos e com poucas informações. Acho que um tipo de papel muito mais útil na sociedade seria se eu começasse a escrever na Wikipedia, e acho que vou começar a fazer isso!

Anônimo disse...

Embora eu não possa provar, eu sou (para você) o mesmo anônimo que postou o primeiro comentário. Compreendi o seu ponto de vista.

De fato, você não nenhum motivo para não postar um conteúdo em inglês. Acaba de me ocorrer que meu comentário possa ter sido equivocado. Na verdade ninguém deve confundir "não contribuir de uma determinada maneira" com "não contribuir". Seu blog contribui como catalisador, como você mesmo disse.

Infelizmente eu demorei muito para perceber que matemática de qualidade existe de forma muito mais abundante em inglês do que em português... atualmente eu estou tentando aprender algo de matemática por meio de obras em inglês - mas meu domínio do idioma é bem ruim.

Obs: eu gosto deste blog; continue com sua publicações; não se deixe influenciar pelo comentário que eu fiz.

É curioso que, sobre alguns temas, a Wikipedia em português tem 3 linhas enquanto que a inglês tem vários parágrafos. Talvez falte mesmo alguém que contribua na nossa língua.

Por falar em Wikipedia, eu vou fazer uma pergunta: você acha que de forma geral o conteúdo matemático contido lá é confiável? Às vezes eu uso mas fico meio desconfiado já que foi escrito por alguém que eu não sei quem é.

Vou aproveitar este comentário e dar uma sugestão: faça uma seção na qual você recomenda bons livros de matemática - independentemente do idioma que estejam (você poderia até comparar algum que conheça em língua portuguesa com algum em língua inglesa e tal). Pelo que vi você estuda na USP, por isso suponho que você tem conhecimento sobre alguns livros bons no que se refere a uma bibliografia de tópicos fundamentais (álgebra, geometria, etc). Pode parecer trivial, mas para quem não tem acesso aos grandes centros de formação acadêmica e nem contato com professores de 1ª categoria uma dica destas pode ser muito valiosa. Antes que você se julgue não capacitado para fazer críticas de obras especializadas eu esclareço que minha sugestão é que você diga algo simples, como por exemplo "estudei tal disciplina com tal livro e achei que bom" ou "estudei com tal livro mas não gostei por causa de tal coisa" - relate algumas de suas experiências.

Abraço.

T disse...

Olá, fico feliz que tenha entendido a minha posição.

Sim, esta é a grande verdade: existe MUITO mais matemática em inglês do que em português. Eu acredito que seja impossível evoluir em matemática sem saber inglês. Não só em matemática, mas em qualquer área da ciência também. Não vejo isso como uma coisa necessariamente ruim: tem o papel de universalizar e padronizar o conhecimento. Porém, é claro, é preciso que todos saibam a língua oficial (no caso, o inglês) e, em países mais atrasados como o nosso, isso não é garantido a todos de forma satisfatória.

Sobre a Wikipedia. Veja, nenhum artigo de nenhuma área é completamente confiável (na verdade, não existe nada 100% confiável). Mas a grande sacada da Wikipedia é que quanto mais pessoas têm acesso ao artigo (e têm a possibilidade de alterá-lo), mais confiável ela fica. Pode parecer paradoxal, mas o mesmo princípio funciona para programas open source ou algoritmos de criptografia: é desejável que o código seja aberto! Isto não isenta a Wikipedia de erros, eu já achei alguns e, aqui está a parte legal: eu corrigi eles. É por isso que a coisa toda funciona tão bem.

O maior problema com a Wikipedia em português é que existem poucas pessoas a utilizando e escrevendo artigos. Por exemplo, em Matemática, as pessoas logo percebem que a Wikipedia em inglês é ótima e esquecem da Wikipedia em português. Daí acontece o que você viu: artigos com poucas informações, mal trabalhados, e normalmente com bastante erros.

Enfim, não sei te dizer se a Wikipedia em português é confiável, pois eu mal uso ela. Mas posso te dizer com certeza que a em inglês é mais confiável! Pelos motivos que eu te citei acima.

A sua sugestão é bem legal, vou colocar algumas coisas, sim. Mas já aviso que a maioria dos livros será em inglês, haha. Minha recomendação desde já é: se você quer aprender matemática, vai ter que aprender um pouco de inglês. Digo, não é realmente necessário aprender inglês. Ler matemática inglês é mais fácil do que aprender inglês. Basicamente porque os termos usados são iguais em todos os livros. Matemáticos costumam ser concisos (ao contrário de mim, como pode ver), então basicamente você precisa aprender apenas algumas palavras chaves. A melhor maneira de aprender é lendo mesmo, e pegar um dicionário de vez em quando. Em resumo, mesmo sem aprender inglês é possível aprender a ler matemática em inglês!

Obrigado pelos comentários, até!

Aloisio Teixeira disse...

Oi, Tiago!

Neste final de semana, andei olhando o seu blog ( LEGAUSS )e vi que é de alto gabarito. Muitos assuntos bons e meticulosos. Infelizmente ainda não pude ler sobre o conto da quarta dimensão. Mas valeu a sugestão.

Neste ano tb comecei um blog e caso interesse: elementosdeteixeira.blogspot.com

Um abraço!

Anônimo disse...

É mais fácil e melhor aprender inglês, a wikipedia em português nunca será tão boa quanto a em inglês, na minha opinião, pelo menos no que se refere aos tópicos de matemática. Eu particularmente não perderia tempo traduzindo a wikipedia. Sem contar que textos matemáticos em inglês são tão fáceis de se ler... Vocabulário pobre, pobre...

Eu estou esperando sair um conto sobre Saturno, onde os reais na realidade são p-ádicos e os mais fodas estudam análise nos reais como se fosse coisa de outro mundo (e lá eles já têm um conto sobre a Terra, onde os p-ádicos na realidade são reais) e onde tem um carinha que resolve edps de cabeça (tirei essa parte das edps de algum lugar, mas agora não me lembro de onde).

Alan Cassaro disse...

Agora sim!!

len disse...

Puxa vida, mas vcs hein

Vocês não sabem procurar em um certo buscador chamado "Google" um texto em português desse conto do Heinlein, no formato PDF ... !?!?!?!?!?!?!?!?

Foi assim que consegui ler este ótimo conto ...

Ademais, se quiserem ler em inglês tudo bem, a decisão é de vocês; mas ora, é só colocar a ressalva de que esse texto também está disponível gratuitamente no nosso idioma em vários websites por aew.

Enfim, ninguém neste brilhante blog é obrigado a saber como traduzir um conto do inglês para o português e então copiar-e-colar tudo para postar neste espaço, certo ANÔNIMO [do dia 24/02/2012] ?????????

Enfim, aki abaixo vão alguns links para esse conto traduzido:

http://www.icmc.usp.br/~walmarar/aulas2012/Heinlein.pdf

http://www.softaplic.com.br/~edesio/myself/hobbies/house.html

Adeus e até a próxima ...